PDF was a proprietary format controlled by Adobe until it was released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008, at which time control of the specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In the early years PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows, and competed with a variety of formats such as DjVu, Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own PostScript format.
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The PDF specification also provides for encryption and digital signatures, file attachments, and metadata to enable workflows requiring these features.Īdobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993. PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers, rich media (including video content), three-dimensional objects using U3D or PRC, and various other data formats. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. Journalists, historians, economists, civil society organizations, governmental practitioners, comparative politics specialists and foreign policy analysts can also use this book" ( East Asian Integration Review).Portable Document Format ( PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. By now, surely it already has had influence in ASEAN's inner circles.
In the 'Foreword' Ambassador Tommy Koh of Singapore suggests that ASEAN's Group of Eminent Persons may wish to read this book before making recommendations for ASEAN's future (p. In his "Preface', the author hopes that the future 'ASEAN community' will include Southeast Asian readers of this book who have underestimated or misunderstood ASEAN's institutional accomplishments. And he has contributed to the ASEAN-China Group of Eminent Persons. During 1998-2002, the author was ASEAN's Secretary-General. and China - two countries whose governments have paid attention to Southeast Asian regional organizations. Among other foreign service assignments, he has been posted to the U.S. Educated in the humanities and world politics, Filipino diplomat Rodolfo Severino is an experienced practitioner. This book matters because of who wrote it. Scholars of regional cooperation and integration should read Southeast Asia in Search of an ASEAN Community: Insights from the former ASEAN Secretary-General. Subsequently, ASEAN undertook deeper forms of cooperation. "Foreign ministers of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) began by seeking to cool tensions and restore diplomatic relations among themselves and to enhance regime security of the first five members. It should be of wide interest to those concerned with Asian affairs, but is also suitable for the classroom" ( Pacific Affairs). This is an excellent review of an important regional association by an astute insider.
In fact, it is quite an accomplishment, and one that academic observers could not have produced. It is comprehensive and historically rooted. While he disclaims it as an academic work, and of being comprehensive, it is based not only on his own experience, both as Secretary-General (1998-2002) and as a Philippine diplomat, but also on over a hundred interviews with top policy makers from every member country, many documents not commonly available, and not a few academic scribblers' works. "Rodolfo Severino has gifted ASEAN on the occasion of its fortieth year with a wide-ranging analysis of the organization.
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